The Environment the University of Queensland
نویسنده
چکیده
In recent years, growing economic globalisation has been accompanied by rising social support for market systems as a means of managing resource-use. In turn, the free market movement considers definite and secure property rights (especially private rights and, sometimes, communal rights) in resources to be the necessary basis for a desirable market system. Global policies for managing the Earth’s genetic resources have been influenced by this approach. As outlined in this article, there has been a global expansion of property rights in genetic resources, and further extensions have been advocated. In order to assess the possible social benefits and costs of granting property rights in genetic resources, these are classified. This classification is shown to be useful in discussing economic and legal reasons for granting or denying property rights in genetic resources. Furthermore, this classification is demonstrated to be pertinent to the consideration of market failures that may accompany the granting of property rights in genetic resources and which limit the potential social economic benefits from establishing property rights in these resources. It is concluded that many of those who advocate the management of genetic resources by means of secure property rights and market systems have been overly optimistic about the economic potential of this policy, its social benefits, its impact on the conservation of biodiversity, and its workability. There is a need for more informed debate on these matters before concluding that wholesale global extension of property rights in genetic material is desirable. In addition to the above, this paper compares and assesses the approach on property rights in wildlife and nature adopted in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) with that advocated in the international Convention on Biological Diversity. Global Property Rights in Genetic Resources: Do They Involve Sound Economics? Will They Conserve Nature and Biodiversity?
منابع مشابه
Harnessing the Potential to Quantify Public Preferences for Healthcare Priorities through Citizens’ Juries
Despite progress towards greater public engagement, questions about the optimal approach to access public preferences remain unanswered. We review two increasingly popular methods for engaging the public in healthcare priority-setting and determining their preferences; the Citizens’ Jury (CJ) and Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE). We discuss the theoretical framework from which each method is de...
متن کاملThe tadpole of the Melville Range Treefrog Litoria andiirrmalin (Anura: Hylidae).
EDWARD A. MEYER, HARRY B. HINES, CONRAD J. HOSKIN & KEITH R. McDONALD School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing, Moggill, Queensland 4070, Australia School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia...
متن کاملEvaluation of Clinical and Laboratory Data in Patients with Recurrent Infections and Suspected Immunodeficiency
Background: Frequent infections is among the most frequent clinical dilemmas for primary care physicians. Immunodeficiency disorders are a heterogeneous group of illnesses that predispose patients to the recurrent infections, autoimmunity and malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory data collected for the final diagnosis of patients referred with recurrent...
متن کاملBiodiesel production from tomato seed and its engine emission test and simulation using Artificial Neural Network
In this study, tomato seed oil was used to produce Biodiesel fuel. To reduce the percentage of free fatty acids, the oil was reacted at a temperature of 40, 50, and 60°C with a mixture of sulphuric acid and the industrial methanol with different molar ratios of oil. The best conversion efficiency was achieved at 60°C and a molar ratio of 1:9. In the transesterification step, biodiesel was produ...
متن کاملIntegrating research using animal-borne telemetry with the needs of conservation management
Integrating research using animal-borne telemetry with the needs of conservation management Jennifer McGowan*, Maria Beger, Rebecca L. Lewison, Rob Harcourt, Hamish Campbell, Mark Priest, Ross G. Dwyer, Hsien-Yung Lin, Pia Lentini, Christine Dudgeon, Clive McMahon, Matt Watts and Hugh P. Possingham Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University o...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2008